Querying from the command line
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The default Comunica query engine that exposes most standard features is Comunica SPARQL,
which uses the package name @comunica/actor-init-sparql
.
In this guide, we will install it globally, and show how it can be invoked from the command line.
1. Installation
Since Comunica runs on Node.js, make sure you have Node.js installed on your machine.
Next, we can install Comunica SPARQL on our machine:
$ npm install -g @comunica/actor-init-sparql
2. SPARQL querying over one source
After installing Comunica SPARQL, you will be given access to several commands including comunica-sparql
,
which allows you to execute SPARQL queries from the command line.
This command requires one or more URLs to be provided as sources to query over. As last argument, as SPARQL query string can be provided.
For example, the following query retrieves the first 100 triples from DBpedia:
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en \
"SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 100"
As output, a JSON array of bindings for the selected variables will be returned:
[
{"?s":"https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en#dataset","?p":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type","?o":"http://rdfs.org/ns/void#datasource"},
{"?s":"https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en#dataset","?p":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type","?o":"http://www.w3.org/ns/hydra/core#Collection"},
{"?s":"https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en#dataset","?p":"http://www.w3.org/ns/hydra/core#search","?o":"https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en#triplePattern"}
...
3. Query file input
Since SPARQL queries can sometimes become very large, it is possible to supply them via a local file using the -f
option.
Assuming a file path/myquery.sparql
exists, we can query over it as follows:
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en -f path/myquery.sparql
4. SPARQL querying over multiple sources
One key feature of Comunica is its ability to query over multiple sources. For this, you can just supply any number of URLs as arguments. Just make sure that the last argument remains your query.
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en \
https://www.rubensworks.net/ \
https://ruben.verborgh.org/profile/ \
"SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 100"
5. SPARQL CONSTRUCT and ASK
Next to SPARQL SELECT
queries,
it is also possible to execute CONSTRUCT
queries to produce RDF triples:
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en \
"CONSTRUCT WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 100"
<http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.topcat.switchinc.org/Viewer.aspx?img=8716084> <http://dbpedia.org/property/accessdate> "2010-04-21"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>;
<http://dbpedia.org/property/date> "1939-01-02"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date>;
<http://dbpedia.org/property/format> "PDF";
<http://dbpedia.org/property/isCitedBy> <http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_Attorneys_General_of_Wisconsin>;
<http://dbpedia.org/property/location> "Sheboygan, Wisconsin";
<http://dbpedia.org/property/page> "1";
...
ASK
queries will produce a boolean output:
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en \
"ASK { ?s ?p ?o }"
true
6. Changing result format
SELECT
queries will be printed as JSON by default, and CONSTRUCT
queries as RDF TriG.
This can be overridden using the -t
option.
For example, displaying results as SPARQL JSON results:
$ comunica-sparql https://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en \
"SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o } LIMIT 100" \
-t 'application/sparql-results+json'
{"head": {"vars":["s","p","o"]},
"results": { "bindings": [
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/date","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"1899-05-06","type":"literal","datatype":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date"}},
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/isCitedBy","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tierce_(unit)","type":"uri"}},
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/newspaper","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"Biloxi Daily Herald","type":"literal"}},
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/page","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"6","type":"literal"}},
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/title","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"A New System of Weights and Measures","type":"literal"}},
{"s":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"},"p":{"value":"http://dbpedia.org/property/url","type":"uri"},"o":{"value":"http://0-access.newspaperarchive.com.lib.utep.edu/us/mississippi/biloxi/biloxi-daily-herald/1899/05-06/page-6?tag=tierce+wine&rtserp=tags/tierce-wine?page=2","type":"uri"}},
...
comunica-sparql --listformats
7. Learn more
This guide only discussed the basic functionality of comunica-sparql
.
You can learn more options by invoking the help command:
$ comunica-sparql --help
Usage:
comunica-sparql http://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en [-q] 'SELECT * WHERE { ?s ?p ?o }'
comunica-sparql http://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en [-q] '{ hero { name friends { name } } }' -i graphql
comunica-sparql http://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en [-f] query.sparql
comunica-sparql http://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en https://query.wikidata.org/sparql ...
comunica-sparql hypermedia@http://fragments.dbpedia.org/2016-04/en sparql@https://query.wikidata.org/sparql ...
Options:
-q evaluate the given SPARQL query string
-f evaluate the SPARQL query in the given file
-c use the given JSON configuration file (e.g., config.json)
-t the MIME type of the output (e.g., application/json)
-i the query input format (e.g., graphql, defaults to sparql)
-b base IRI for the query (e.g., http://example.org/)
-l sets the log level (e.g., debug, info, warn, ... defaults to warn)
-d sets a datetime for querying Memento-enabled archives
-p delegates all HTTP traffic through the given proxy (e.g. http://myproxy.org/?uri=)
--lenient if failing requests and parsing errors should be logged instead of causing a hard crash
--help print this help message
--listformats prints the supported MIME types
--version prints version information